using english to : REPORT

DEFINITION :

     A report is a news article or broadcast which gives information about something that has just happened. report Used to indicate that something has been stated, although one cannot confirm its accuracy.

STRUCTURE :

TITLE PAGE	report title your name submission date
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY	overview of subject matter methods of analysis findings recommendations
TABLE OF CONTENTS	list of numbered sections in report and their page numbers
INTRODUCTION	terms of reference outline of report’s structure
BODY	headings and sub-headings which reflect the contents of each section. Includes information on method of data collection (if applicable), the findings of the report and discussion of findings in light of theory
CONCLUSION	states the major inferences that can be drawn from the discussion makes recommendations
REFERENCE LIST	list of reference material consulted during research for report
APPENDIX	information that supports your analysis but is not essential to its explanat LAB REPORT

A lab report is how you explain what you did in ​your experiment, what you learned, and what the results meant. Here is a standard format. If you prefer, you can print and fill in the science lab report template or download the pdf version of the template.

LAB REPORT ESSENTIALS

Title Page

1. Not all lab reports have title pages, but if your instructor wants one, it would be a single page that states:
   • The title of the experiment.
   • Your name and the names of any lab partners.
   • Your instructor's name.
   • The date the lab was performed or the date the report was submitted.
2. Title
3.     The title says what you did. It should be brief (aim for ten words or less) and describe the main point of the experiment or investigation. An example of a title would be: "Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Borax Crystal Growth Rate". If you can, begin your title using a keyword rather than an article like 'The' or 'A'.
4. 
   
5. Introduction / Purpose
6.      Usually, the Introduction is one paragraph that explains the objectives or purpose of the lab. In one sentence, state the hypothesis. Sometimes an introduction may contain background information, briefly summarize how the experiment was performed, state the findings of the experiment, and list the conclusions of the investigation. 

1. 
   
2. Materials
3.      List everything needed to complete your experiment.
4. 
   
5. Methods
6.     Describe the steps you completed during your investigation. This is your procedure. Be sufficiently detailed that anyone could read this section and duplicate your experiment. Write it as if you were giving direction for someone else to do the lab. It may be helpful to provide a Figure to diagram your experimental .
7. 
   
8. Data
9.     Numerical data obtained from your procedure usually is presented as a table. Data encompasses what you recorded when you conducted the experiment. It's just the facts, not any interpretation of what they mean.
10. 
    
11. Results
12.     Describe in words what the data means. Sometimes the Results section is combined with the Discussion (Results & Discussion).
13. 
    
14. Discussion or Analysis
15.     The Data section contains numbers. The Analysis section contains any calculations you made based on those numbers. This is where you interpret the data and determine whether or not a hypothesis was accepted. 
16. 
    
17. Conclusions
18.      Most of the time the conclusion is a single paragraph that sums up what happened in the experiment, whether your hypothesis was accepted or rejected, and what this means.
19. 
    
20. Figures & Graphs
         Graphs and figures must both be labeled with a descriptive title. Label the axes on a graph, being sure to include units of measurement. 

1. References
2.     If your research was based on someone else's work or if you cited facts that require documentation, then you should list these references.

eexample of report :

        "Identification of a Compound 

using Melting and Boiling Points"

Time and place

Day / Date: Thursday / October 09, 2014

Time: 13.20-15.50 WIB

Place: Dasa Chemical Laboratory

 

 Introduction

        One of the primary methods used to characterize a new compound is the physical determination of its normal melting and boiling points.  The “normal” melting and boiling point is the temperature at which a substance melts or boils when the barometric pressure is 760 mmHg or 1 atm.  In this experiment we will first calibrate our thermometers using ice and water, whose normal melting and boiling points are well characterized as 0.0 °C and 100.0 °C, respectively[1].  Following this, we will measure the normal melting and boiling points of an unknown compound.  We will use this data to determine the identity of our unknown from a list of possible unknown samples and physical data from the Chemical Handbook[2].

  

Experimental Procedure

     

    As described in the lab manual,[3] ice was placed in a beaker and warmed until approximately 50% had melted.  The temperature of the ice/water mixture was then measured with a thermometer. This was followed by a similar measurement of our solid unknown.  In part II, water was heated until boiling and the temperature of the liquid/gas mixture measured with a thermometer.  This was followed by a similar measurement using our unknown compound.  To get the best results possible, the procedure in the manual was modified by repeating each trial three times. 

Data & Results

The Barometric pressure in the lab was measured to be 761.2 mmHg.

Table One – Experimental Data 

Trial	Water Melting Pt.	Water Boiling Pt.	Unknown 7 Melting Pt.	Unknown 7 Boiling Pt.
1	0.7 °C  *	101.2 °C	80.2 °C	272.7 °C
2	0.1 °C	101.1 °C	80.7 °C	272.8 °C
3	0.0 °C	100.9 °C	80.4 °C	273.0 °C
4	0.1 °C	n/a	n/a	n/a
Averages:	0.15 °C	101.1 °C	80.4 °C	272.8  °C
Standard deviation (s):	± 0.06	± 0.15	± 0.15	± 0.06
95% confidence limits:	± 0.14	± 0.4	± 0.4	± 0.14

 * This trial was eliminated because the thermometer was broken (there was a bubble of air in the mercury).  A new thermometer was obtained from the stockroom and used for all other data.

 Observations: The unknown was yellowish-orange in color and had a fruity smell.

As can be seen from our water data the experimental values for the melting and boiling points of water differed from the theoretical values by +0.15 °C and +1.1 °C, respectively.  These differences were used to calibrate the average data for the unknown.  Thus the corrected values for the unknown boiling and melting points are given in Table 2.

Table Two – Corrected Temperatures  

	Unknown 7 Melting Pt.	Unknown 7 Boiling Pt.
Measured value	80.4 °C ± 0.4 (95%)	272.80 ± 0.14 °C (95%)
Correction	+0.15 °C	+ 1.1 °C
Corrected value	80.5 °C ± 0.4 (95%)	273.90 ± 0.14 °C (95%)

  

   These values were used to identify our unknown.  Table Three below lists possible unknowns and the melting and boiling points for these compounds found in the Chemical Handbook.²

Table Three – Reference Data from Chemical Handbook 

Compound	Melting Point	Boiling Point
Blabber Gas	-15.8 °C	17.2 °C
Freezer Gel	82.7 °C	456.1 °C
Silly Putty	57.2 °C	121 °C
Billgatesium	1000 °C	unknown
Farsel Juice	80.8 °C	274.0 °C
Shampoo	-1.2 °C	108.7 °C

        Based on these data we conclude that our sample was probably “Farsel Juice” since both the melting and boiling points fall within the confidence limits of our average melting and boiling points.  Additional evidence to support our conclusion is that Farsel Juice is described in the Chemical  Handbook as having a yellowish-orange in color and has a “peach-like” smell.  Our unknown was this color and one of our group members observed a “fruity” smell when she opened the bottle.

 Although our measured melting and boiling points differed from the theoretical data by a few percent, this difference was very small leading us to believe that our results were quite good.  While there is still room for error in our results due to the change in boiling and melting points as a function of atmospheric pressure this difference should be very small.  Other factors such as contaminates in the water used may have affected the results, but again every effort to minimalize such effects was made by using only deionized water.  Finally we did encounter some problems with our thermometer in the first trial, but this was fixed by replacing it at the stockroom.  Thus our careful work, our additional color and smell observations, and the fact that the corrected average of data exactly matched only one of the choices with 95% confidence, all suggest that our unknown was in fact Farsel Juice.

 Conclusions

   In this lab we determined the identity of our unknown to be Farsel Juice using normal melting and boiling points.  A future experiment might include an additional calibration using the barometric pressure and/or inclusion of other chemical properties such as reactions of the compounds with acids and stuff to further test the nature of the chemicals and more positively identify the chemicals.

Bibliography

[1] Agenius, I.M., General Chemistry for College, 2nd Ed., Overcharge Publishing House, Beverly Hills California, 1999, page 12.

[2] Dr. Joe Scientist, Ed., Chemical Handbook, 578th Ed., Big Chemical Press Inc., Bigtown, USA, 1999.

[3] Wizard, Mr., “Don’t try this at home” – Experiments for General Chemistry, 1st Ed., Explosive Info Co., Ground Zero, 1978, Experiment 2, pp. 10-

document containing information organized in a narrative, graphic, or tabular form, prepared on ad hoc, periodic, recurring, regular, or as required basis. Reports may refer to specific periods, events, occurrences, or subjects, and may be communicated or presented in oral or written form.
2. To provide information.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/report.html

document containing information organized in a narrative, graphic, or tabular form, prepared on ad hoc, periodic, recurring, regular, or as required basis. Reports may refer to specific periods, events, occurrences, or subjects, and may be communicated or presented in oral or written form.
2. To provide information.


Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/report.html

A document containing information organized in a narrative, graphic, or tabular form, prepared on ad hoc, periodic, recurring, regular, or as required basis. Reports may refer to specific periods, events, occurrences, or subjects, and may be communicated or presented in oral or written form.
2. To provide information.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/report.html